Constant-compression engine



y 7, 1930. A. c. PETERSON CONSTANT COMPRESSION ENGINE Filed Sept. 7,1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l y 7, 1930. A. c. PETERSON I 1,760,083

CONSTANT COMPRESSION ENGINE Filed Sept. '7, 1922 3 sheets-sheet 2 6/ l Ii J4 60/ I 23 62 54 I l I /a a l I May 27, 1930.

A. C. PETERSON CONSTANT COMPRES S ION ENGINE Filed Sept.7 1922ssheets-sheet I5 \X' fig l E a l 5/ X g a W- Ii 4 III'IIIIIIIIIIIII'III'jnv-ezztm:

" Patented May 27, 1913 UNITED STATES ADOLIHE C. PETERSON, OFMINNEAPOLIfl-KINTIESdTL "cousranr-comrnnssion Enema Application filed st iier'i, 192a. s i-a m. 586,720.

My invention relates to internal combus- 'tion engines and particularlyto'an engine having various improved features but'in' particular aconstant compression wherefore it is called a constant compressionengine.

The principal'objects of my invention areto provide an engine having aconstant'compress on whereby efliciency is secured,'to provide an enginewhich simple 111 construction,-simple in its valve mechanismys'impleinits general construction, simple in its cooling means, silent anddurable in operation,

which provideslarge port area, full volumet ric efiiciency at highspeeds, and which-in general provides an engine which maybe economicallyconstructe operation and maintenance. 1 l The principal feature of novelform-of char ing which is provided by is economical in a novel valve andow system.

The principal dGVICBShIIdCOIHbIRiLtlOIIS of devices comprising myinvention are as here-- inafter described and as defined in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention, likecharacters re ferto like parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings: 7

Figure 1, is a View chiefl in vertical cross section on the line XI-X ofFigures 2 and 3, some parts being broken away and some parts being shownin full side elevation.

' Figure 2 is a view chiefly in-vertical cross sectionon the line X--'of Figure 1, some parts being broken away and some parts being shown infull side elevation. 5 4

Figure 3 is an end view of the engine shown in Figures 1 and 2. p 9

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section of the'valve. Fig. 5 is an enlargedfrontelevation ofthe same valve. a

Fig. 6 is a detail section of certain conduits. I

Referring again to the drawingsythenumeral 1 indicates the main castingof the engine, and this casting has formed integrally with it cylinders2 and has cast end members 3 and a crank chamber bottom 4, which latterhas-broad sides 5 whereby the bottom 4 forms with the remainingportionso'f the casting a rigid construction supporting the y side's'asshown. myengin'e is a *2. Each'gas-c ar g I g 23 at its lower end;QIIVQImgPXtO' thB cylinder otherparts and at the same time forms alubricating reservoir. The castingl "has thereby arectangularformintheup er part wherein the cylinders are formed and su ported and thisrectangular' form is square y cut ofi on each side so that so-calledradiator sides 6 and 7 respectively, inay*be attached one to each-sideof the main casting and thereby cover the sides of the crank chamber andalso provide a waterjacket space 8 extending from the cylinderson each"side into radiator --res'ervoir's 9' and '10respectively" formed in theradiator sides 6'and ,7, The

radiator reservoirs-9 and 10 have air-cooling tubes 11 passingvertically upward through them ."f rmed in or welded'in the radiator Theradiator sides 6 and 7 are preferably cast of aluminum'andconstit1itenot only'the A radiator reservoirs 9--'10 and crankcase sidesbut also containint'e rally cast't'ubes or 'conduits as hereinafterascribed whereby when they are secured to tlie'sides of theIna-incesting-\these conduits together withthe conduits or ports cast inthe main casting I'connect all the parts in theirw'orking cooperation.-

Each cylinder has within it a reci roc'able sleeve '12 having a closesliding fitan within the sleeve having a close sliding fit therein areciprocable piston 13 adapted to drive 15 mounted in ball bearings inthe .end mam bers-;3. -The crank shaft/15 through a. halftime gear,'1617drives an eccentricshaft; 18

' having eccentrics 19 at half the crank shaft "speed, each eccentric 19reciprocating one of *the-sleeves 12.

witha close fit'whereby compressionmay be maintained in the'cylinder.The he'ad ca sting 20 has also integrall formed gas-charge throughrelated crank rods 14 a crank shaft 7 the upper'end oftherelatedl's'leeve' 12 slides chambers'22,lone for eac cylinder formedin the centerof the related head 21 immediately above-thecom ressionspace of the cylinder chamber '22 has a'poi't bore and at its upper endhas a port 24. The ports 24 either two cylinders are. controlled;

y a small reciprocating piston valve 25 which is reciprocated b a rod26, bell-crank 27 and veccentricrod 28 y an eccentric 29 rotated by)eccentric shaft 18, A fuel v pu mp' piston 33 is reciprocated through aconnect mg rod also by bell-crank 27.

he .piston .33 umps'wliquidfi fuel. from, conduit 34 and elivers t, hipressure through a spray nozzle into-a mlxing'cham her 35 which receivesair from aconduit 36 I as hereinafter described, and delivers themixture of fuel and air as controlled by valve 25- alternately duringthe suction or charging H strokes of the relatedfpistons into the gas-icharge chambers 22. Thevalve 25 alsohasan interior passage :37 by whichas controlled by 7, Valve 38 air only may be deliveredinto eachaschargechamber as hereinafter-described,

and returned to the water space'8. Thewater (pump 39 is driven by achain sprocket'wheel 42,by chain 43 by sprocket wheel 44 upon ecvcentricshaft 18. The shaft 45 of the water *pumpv39 extends through castin '1and drives an electric generator 46 mounte upon a. shelf a 47 formedntegrally with casting 1 The crank shaft 15 has mounted upon it at oneend an air blower 48 placed in .a chamber castin 49 formed b main:castin 1 and in the side main streame fair normallyflows through a v 1ort50into two-branchconduits-51 52 (see sti'feams, through the tubes, 11 of the related 50 air-chamber 53 into separate air-conduits '54.,

a I vi'gure2) which pass-respective y .c hrough the side castings; 6 -7and each delivers into .4

-,radiator sides 6-.7 and each receiving air an individual air chamber53 fromwhich the individual air stream flows .inr manysmaller The airconduits 54 directianair stream adjacent to, and past a port 55 in therelated cylln- 1 1der. into anairv conduit 56 which then delivers into cf two bmmo rexha ls ond i .57or 58. E'achc linder; thus has two. ports55, one. on. each sid latedtothe a, constituted e, and as described hasre- I I 'side;,and has 'related. -to;.t,heport 55fon its .jiaireconduits54,556 otthat side. For each cylinder there'is thus a relatedpassage onI 36' the'air. being heated by. an electric .heat

other Sidepan air-passage each of its two sidesadapted to conduct anindividual stream ef air adjacent to and past one of its two ports 55.The conduits 5-1-52 6. and this air lower receivesair I :from t eatmosphere anddellvers under wlow pressure 1n several streamsflSyfOllOWS. The I port 550m one-side an air-passage are cast in themain casting 1 and the radiator sides 6,7 The conduits 51-52 in theradiator sides 67 join similar conduits in the main casting 1, shown inFigure 3, and extending to a common oint or meeting adjacent to port'50,shown 1n Figure 1."; Likewise the exhaust conduits 57-58 are cast in thetwo radiator sides 67 and extend to the opposite end of the main casting1 into the housm of blower 59. As hereinafter described main casting 1and radiator sides 67 have the conduitsso cast' in them as to form theconnections herein described. The exhaust conduits 57-58 deliver'to theinterior space of a blower 59 mounte'd upon and driven by thecranksshaft 15 at the oppositeend'from that'on which blower 48'is placedand-by this blower 59 the exhaust air and products as hereinafterdescribed are drawn andpassed to atmosphere. The two -.blowers.48; and59 operate 'conjointly to produce a. continuous and effective blast ofair through the air. conduits so that under oper-' fV ation there isflaconstant and strong blast of airqthrough each of the individualpassages54 -56 past theirrelatedports 55. Either blower 48 or 59may alone beused: for this purpose" it" being contemplated that. the use of the twowill produce a more'continuous and eflt'ective blast. I,

,21. Each cylinder has in its related sleeve 12 two ports 60 (see Figure2) 'each'of which in the downward'movement of'the sleeve is adapted topermit communication between ,-,the cylinder through theports with thetwo related {individual air condu'its or passages adj'acentto themduring a little more than the entire period of the exhaustand suctionstrokes of the related a iston. a

The main stream 0 air as described.-normally flows through the-tubes 11on its way to. thevpassa'ges 5456 in streams related to each, port 55,but part or all. ofthe main stream may. be directed directly intotheindividual passages 54 from two supplementary air conduits 61'62feachformed 1n one ofthe from the air-blower 48 when a flat valve 63ism ved to direct all or part of themain stream directly into thepassages 54 by way of the [conduits 61-62, the individual, air

streams through the passa es 54 into the as- 56 pastt e ports 55 eingreserve in sagle eit ercase. The valve 63 may e manually moved and thewater temperature thereby controlled,,but it is to be noted thatthis mayspace 8.

48 delivers a small stream of airintofconduit ing element 65, andconduit 64 also delivers a small stream of air into conduit 37 only- MArconduit 64 receiving air also from blower when valve is opened-insomeoftheoperation ashereinafter described. The'conconduit37 is o housing ofbe] -crank 27; andeccentric rod 28 isa closed housing'so this airdelivery which is at relatively low: ressure, maybe accomplished; I Theconduit v37 has small ports 37 at each end which deliver to annularspaces I- V air blast through-*the" relate Hair cofl H The crank shaft15 by means of an eccentric products' with it into theexh'austronduits37 and 37 formed in the valve 25.

66 drives a lubricating oil piston 67 which reci rocates in an oillubricating cylinder 68 p aced in the bottom 4 and'delivering into aconduit 69 which delivers to the central any portion of the engine as isusually done.

- A spark plug 72, one in each gas charge chamber 22 receives a sparkperiodically at the period of or near maximum compression in eachcylinder by current from the distributer 73.

It is to be noted that each of the radiator e e of gas mixture into thegas charge chamber sides 6--7 close one side of the main casting 1 andsince all the operating parts are in- I,

cluded in interstices in casting 1 which are open at the sides theseinterior spaces or interstices are all closed when the side members 6-7are bolted on the main casting and only the operating shafts 15 and18.and the water pump shaft protrude whereby a closed whole is securedand all the operating parts are readily accessible by removing the sidemembers 6-7. And as certain of the conduits are e shown and therebydelivery-10f fuel maybe proportioned to the loadi" The-jdelivery-of 1air "withthe fuel from the chamber 35*to gas charge'chambers 22;;willdepen'd on the extent of the openin of the hand valve shown con condu'itaersnd t isshou'ld be so manuallycontained inthe side members andcooperate with passages in the main casting these are also joined upproperly by the mere attaching of the side members 6-7.

In the operation of my engine, the crank shaft 15 is given initialrevolution by any means, as for instance the generator 46 operating as amotor, and when so revolved the blower 48 will draw air from theatmosphere and pass it through the tubes 11 from chambers 53 througheach related set of air-conduits 54-56 thereby passing the air stream inseparated individual air streams past each port 55 of each cylinder 2.The separated air streams passing by each ort 55 into air conduits 56meet again in t e two exhaust conduits 57-58 and the two main streams inthe two exhaust conduits 57-58 themselves join sleeve 12 of theparticular cylinder 2 and in the first or exhaust portion the cylinderwill exhaust into" the 'air-} stream; passing'by the ports" 55 anddiurin the succeeding suction dult 37? provides means whereby, whenvalve 7 38 is opened, air may; flow from conduit 64 to the housing ofthe bell-crank 27 v"and thence to the-adjacent end of" the valve 25,atgwhich* en as showniin Figure The into the cylinder. Whiletheeylinder'isexhaustin the pressure of exhaust carries the 'gas' products orcombustion products into-the passin air stream but the flow through port55 of t e cylinder-is reversedas soon 'as'suction; is induced bythe'suction stroke ofthe related piston. 'During-this" roceedi'n the 54-56 "constantly carries exhaustfcombustion occurs'there is fresh airflowinggastthe ports which" fresh air is then -'i'nduce cylinder. *Aminor air stream flows from'blower' 48 through mixing chamber 3'5 whereit"will to enter the constantly receive fuelspra'yed ina fine'spray.intoit and fromthe fuel; pump and g the as mixture formed will "then ascontrolled y the piston valve 25, periodically pass into each gas chargechamber '22.} This charging 22 =will occur during the"suction' stroke ofw the related piston in 'cylinder 2. The volume of air drawn into-"eachchamber- 22- during itsichargingiperiod' will'depend upon-the extent of'open'ing of valve 38 which isimanw 34A inFigure ,1 is opened by thehand valve controlled that; in 'i -el'ativel y light loads "a smallvolume of a air {will pa s andthereby all or mostxo'f the fuel chargewill not be-ex-' pelled oridrawn' under suction from chamber 22 and sothat at heavy loads a relatively large woluine of. airmay pass and thereby some. of .the :periodic. fuel chargemay be carried out 1 of thechambers'22 into the 'main combustion chamber or cy linder' throughsport The extent to which the fuel charge in the chamber 22 dischargesfromlthat chamber into theamai-n" space; of the cylinder will dependupon the volume of air'which enters the chamber 22 from I conduit l 36and thereby the degree of commin ling-of the fuel mixture'in chamber 22wi hthe' main; body-of air is'controlled; 'v 1; a y 1 Under some'conditions as'maximum load, the valve 38 may be opened whereby some pureair chargeravmayrbe admitted from the housing of bell-crank 27 and maybe admitted to the chamber 22 immediately after the gas charge duringthe same suction stroke whereby a still further mixing of the fuel andair charge is secured in the main compression space A. .Under, allCODdltlOIlS maximum compressionfis maintained inethe cylinders;-

at compression periods .as the air charge through the port's-55is neverrestrictedand- .under. all conditions at maximum compres i sion beforeignition or near that period some of the air'charge or air and fuel chare H as the case may be willbe-forced from t e com 'ression s ace A intothe chamber 22 p causing turbu ence and mixing of the charge in chamber22,1 on account of the restrictedflow through the port between thechamber 22v and the cylinder space. As the airand fuelvch arg'esfinchambers 22 are'thereby controlled according to the load conditionsignition isalwa scertain irrespective of the load,

because un er light load conditions a rich air and fuel mixture isretained in the'chamber 22 at the ignition period. It is to be notedthat the control of the air charge to chambers 22 maybe either whollyby-the control ofj'the aircharge entering through conmeans. v a v- Thewater cooling means by tubes 11'is shown merely incidentallyinconnectionwith the air charging means as an efiicient utilization ofthe ai'r-chargingstream for cooling said port, a sleeve valve governingsaidport and controlling the alternate expulsion of exhaustgas from saidcylinder into said air stream and the admission from said air stream ofscavenging air and additional mixture airforuse in the. ensuing fuelcharge for the engine throuh said ort, said fuel charge being admittethrong an independently' valve-controlledport into the combustionchamberof theengine.

, In witness whereof I have hereunto hand this 9th da v ofSeptember,i1921.- ADO PHE C." PETERSON.

set my duit 36 by valve 36A in conduit 36 or by other I inaddition, butit is to be noted that the cooling by means of the passing of the aircharging stream through the tubes 11 ma be omitted and an other coolingmeans use It is toibe noted of my engine is the passing of-theindividual air streams through each set'of air vconduits 54--56, by eachport 55, by means of blowers 48-59 or either of these blowers so thatthere is an independent current of air passing by each port 55 for.carrying off the exhaust of the port 55 during exhaust period andfordelivering fresh air to the port 55 during the ports suction period.The fuel charging by the minor air stream throu hthe'mixing chamber 35is an incidenta feature-of the-charging system but this fuel chargingmay be accomplished .by any other known means, While I haveshownparticular. detailed devices and combinations of devices'in thethat the principal feature a illustration of my. invention I contemplatethat other detailed devices and combinations of devices maybe used inthe realization of my invention without departin

